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My InfoTech Journal: Decoding the Networking Enigma: OSI vs. TCP/IP Reference Models

My InfoTech Journal: Decoding the Networking Enigma: OSI vs. TCP/IP Reference Models The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Reference Model: The OSI Reference Model and the TCP/IP Reference Model are both conceptual frameworks used to understand and standardize how different networking protocols and technologies interact. Here are some areas of comparison: 1. Number of Layers: OSI Model : It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and  TCP/IP Model : It has four layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application. 2. L ayer Functionality: OSI Model : Tends to be more comprehensive and abstract, defining each layer's functions independently. TCP/IP Model : Reflects the actual implementation of the Internet and focuses on how protocols are used in practice. 3. Adoption / Use: OSI Model : Less commonly used in practice, but it is still valuab...
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Information Security Tenets (The CIA Triad)

My InfoTech Journal:  

Information Security Tenets

The CIA Triad



The three tenets or fundamental principles of Information Security are Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. 

This is also commonly known as the CIA Triad.

The Information Security programs refers to the controls designed and implemented to protect these three tenets: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

 

What is Confidentiality?

Confidentiality ensures that private information remains private and that these private information can only be accessed or viewed by authorized individuals on need to know basis.

Information Security controls must therefore be put in place to protect the data from unauthorized disclosure. 

Examples of Information Security controls to ensure Data Confidentiality:

Access Control List (ACL)
Username and Password 
Encryption 
Two-Factor Authentication (Password, Token, PIN, Biometric, etc)


What is Integrity?

Integrity refers to the accuracy and completeness of the information. Data must not change without proper authorization.

Information Security controls must therefore be put in place to protect unauthorized modification of data, to ensure that data is accurate and has not been inappropriately altered by unauthorized individuals.

Examples of Information Security controls to ensure Data Integrity: 

Version Control
Error Detection in Software
Encryption
Data Backup and System Recovery


What is Availability?

Availability refers to ensuring that data is available whenever needed. 

Information Security controls must therefore be put in place to ensure that data will be available as and when needed.

Examples of Information Security controls to ensure Data Availability:

Data Redundancies
System or Application Failover 
Data Backup and System Recovery
Data Center Resiliency



Disclaimer 

This article is a result of my personal research and is not a substitute for legal advise. 

Please consult your Legal Team, Ethics & Compliance, or Regulatory Team for the interpretation of  specific CyberSecurity requirements.


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