Skip to main content

My InfoTech Journal!

My InfoTech Journal: Decoding the Networking Enigma: OSI vs. TCP/IP Reference Models

My InfoTech Journal: Decoding the Networking Enigma: OSI vs. TCP/IP Reference Models The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Reference Model: The OSI Reference Model and the TCP/IP Reference Model are both conceptual frameworks used to understand and standardize how different networking protocols and technologies interact. Here are some areas of comparison: 1. Number of Layers: OSI Model : It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and  TCP/IP Model : It has four layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application. 2. L ayer Functionality: OSI Model : Tends to be more comprehensive and abstract, defining each layer's functions independently. TCP/IP Model : Reflects the actual implementation of the Internet and focuses on how protocols are used in practice. 3. Adoption / Use: OSI Model : Less commonly used in practice, but it is still valuab

Mastering Data Integrity: The Ultimate Guide to Concepts and Controls That Will Keep Your Data Safe and Secure!

My InfoTech Journal:

Mastering Data Integrity: The Ultimate Guide to Concepts and Controls That Will Keep Your Data Safe and Secure!




Data Integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its life cycle. There are several types of data integrity concepts and data integrity controls that can be used to maintain data integrity. Here are some of the most common types.


Types of Data Integrity Concepts:

Entity Integrity

This refers to the concept that each row of data in a database table should be uniquely identified. It means that a primary key must be created for each row in the table.

Referential Integrity

This refers to the concept that the relationship between tables in a database must be maintained. It means that foreign keys must be used to ensure that data in one table relates to data in another table.

Domain Integrity

This refers to the concept that data entered into a database should conform to defined rules or constraints. For example, a phone number field may only allow 10 digits.

User-Defined Integrity

This refers to the concept that organizations can define their own data integrity rules that are specific to their business requirements. For example, a bank may require that all transactions over a certain amount must be approved by a manager.


Types of Data Integrity Controls:

Access Controls

Access controls limit the access to data to only those who are authorized to view or modify it. This control includes password protection, role-based access, and user permissions.

Data Validation

Data validation is the process of verifying data to ensure it is accurate and complete. This control includes data scrubbing, data verification, and data correction.

Backup and Recovery 

Backup and recovery procedures are put in place to protect data in the event of a data loss. This control includes regular backups, testing of backups, and disaster recovery planning.

Change Control

Change control is the processof managing changes to data or systems. This control includes documentation of changes, testing of changes, and approval of changes.

Auditing

Auditing is the process of reviewing and monitoring data to ensure it is accurate and secure. This control includesperiodic audits, review of audit logs, and investigation of suspicious activity.


In summary, there are several types of data integrity concepts and data integrity controls that organizations can use to maintain the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of their data. 


Implementing these controls can help to protect the integrity of data and ensure that it remains trustworthy throughout its life cycle.


Disclaimer

This article is a result of my personal research and is not a substitute for legal advice. Please consult your Information Security Team, Legal Team, Ethics & Compliance, or Regulatory Team for the interpretation of  specific Information Security requirements.

Support My InfoTech Journal








Comments

POPULAR: My InfoTech Journal

Network Security: How to minimize the Risk of your Wireless Network

My InfoTech Journal: What you can do to minimize the risk of your wireless network? Access Points are usually targets for unauthorized access. You have to ensure that your access points are secured to prevent unauthorized access.  There are several ways of securing your wireless access points.  Here is a Security Tip from the US CISA. Change default password. Restrict access. Encrypt the data on your network. Protect your Service Set Identifier (SSID). Install a Firewall. Maintain Anti-Virus software.I Use file sharing with caution. Keep your access point software patched and up to date. Check your internet provider’s router or router manufacturers wireless security options. Connect Using Virtual Private Network (VPN). A more detailed discussion of this tip can be found in this post:   US CISA: Security Tip (ST 005-003) Securing Wireless Networks End Notes  US CISA: Security Tip Disclaimer   This article is a result of my personal research and is not a substitute for legal advise.  Ple

Information Security Tenets (The CIA Triad)

My InfoTech Journal:   Information Security Tenets The CIA Triad The   three tenets or fundamental principles of Information Security are  Confidentiality ,  Integrity , and  Availability .  This is also commonly known as the CIA Triad . The Information Security  programs refers to the controls designed and implemented to protect these three tenets:  Confidentiality ,  Integrity , and  Availability .   What is Confidentiality? Confidentiality ensures that private information remains private and that these private information can only be accessed or viewed by authorized individuals on need to know basis. Information Security controls must therefore be put in place to protect the data from unauthorized disclosure.  Examples of  Information Security controls  to ensure Data Confidentiality : Access Control List (ACL) Username and Password  Encryption  Two-Factor Authentication (Password, Token, PIN, Biometric, etc) What is Integrity? Integrity refers to the accuracy and completeness of t

Network Security: How to Secure Your Network

My InfoTech Journal: Network Security  To set the context of this domain, I have here several definitions from different service providers. Network Security  refers to the practices of protecting computer network from intruders, including both wired and wireless connections. - US CISA Network Security  is any activity designed to protect the usability and integrity of your network and data. It includes both hardware and software technologies. Effective network security manages access to the network. It targets a variety of threats and stops them from entering or spreading on your network. - Cisco Network Security  combines multiple layers of defenses at the edge and in the network. Each network security layer implements policies and controls. Authorized users gain access to network resources, but malicious actors are blocked from carrying out exploits and threats. - Cisco Network Security  are measures taken to protect a communications pathway from unauthorized access to, and accidenta

Playbook for Conducting a Comprehensive IT Infrastructure Audit

Playbook for Conducting a Comprehensive IT Infrastructure Audit

The Ultimate Guide to Protecting Your Company's Secrets and Personal Information - Don't Get Hacked!

My InfoTech Journal: The Ultimate Guide to Protecting Your Company's Secrets and Personal Information - Don't Get Hacked!

Are You Safe? The Shocking Truth About Privacy Risks and How to Protect Yourself

My InfoTech Journal: Are You Safe? The Shocking Truth About Privacy Risks and How to Protect Yourself

How to Improve Employees’ CyberSecurity Awareness (From Weakest Link to Fist Line of Defence)

My InfoTech Journal: How to Improve Employees’ CyberSecurity Awareness (From Weakest Link to Fist Line of Defence) Your Employees may be the weakest link in the CyberSecurity chain,   BUT, You can train them to be part of your first line of defence.  Improving Employees’ CyrberSecurity know-how will depend greatly on your company’s CyberSecurity Awareness Program. This must be aimed to strengthen your first line of defence. There must be a CyberSecurity Awareness Program to ensure everyone is aligned with the company’s principles, policies and procedures. The CyberSecurity Awareness Program should promote everyone’s inclusion and a culture that CyberSecurity is everyone’s responsibility. The CyberSecurity Awareness Courses will also help everyone in the company to be in the same page against malicious attacks. The CyrberSecurity Training should be regularly deployed to the Employees. The CyberSecurity courses should be   designed to include training  Employees on the different human-ba

Introduction to SOX Compliance

 My InfoTech Journal:  Introduction to SOX Compliance  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is defined as “An Act to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws, and for other purposes.” 1 Sarbanes-Oxley Act  or more commonly known as  SOX , is a Federal Law which was enacted on 30-July-2002.  The Sarbanes-Oxley Act  was known in the US Senate as the “ Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act ” and known in the US House as the “ Corporate and Auditing Accountability, Responsibility, and Transparency Act ”. This law was enacted as a response to a number of major corporate and accounting scandals including Enron and WorldCom. 2 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act  defined “ A violation by any person of this Act, any rule or regulation of the Commission issued under this Act, or any rule of the Board shall be treated for all purposes in the same manner as a violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15

Unlock the Secrets of the Top 10 Information Security Solutions and Safeguard Your Digital World!

{color: #000000; } My InfoTech Journal: Unlock the Secrets of the Top 10 Information Security Solutions and Safeguard Your Digital World!

Data Privacy Laws Around the World: Surprising Similarities and Striking Differences You Need to Know!

My InfoTech Journal: Data Privacy Laws Around the World: Surprising Similarities and Striking Differences You Need to Know!